Edm instruments use infrared light, laser light ormicrowaves. Modern surveying instruments provides faster and more precise surveying than conventional instruments. The objectives of surveying may very depending on the type of project. This report discusses the use of the sokkisha set2 electronic total station for topographic surveying. Created using mysimpleshow sign up at and create your own simpleshow video for free. In conventional surveying, chain and tape are used for making linear measurements while compass and ordinary theodolites are used for making angular measurements. The edm is set up at one end of the distance to be measured and a reflector at the other end. Investigating the error sources in reflectorless edm request pdf. Direct reflex edm technology for the surveyor and civil. The data collected by a total station can be transferred through a usb port into the computer where it can be viewed and analysed easily.
Changing face it is the operation of bringing the vertical circle to the right of the observer,if originally it is to the left, and vice versa. Pdf surveying problem solving saied albayya academia. It is an electronic transit theodolite integrated with electronic distance measurement edm to measure both vertical and horizontal angles and the slope distance from the instrument to a particular point, and an onboard computer to collect data and perform. The set2 edm electronic distance measurement unit utilizes an infrared light beam to calculate distance to a reflecting prism. Edm, theodolite, engineering, civil engineering, land surveying, survey handbook. To learn more about edm principles, read publications such as surveying theory and practice by davis, foote, anderson, and mikhail. At a later stage, surveying techniques are used in the dimensional control or setting out of the designed constructional elements and also in the monitoring of deformation movements. Land surveying chapter 4 edm and theodolite surveying. Topographic surveying using the sokkisha set2 electronic. Electronic distance measurement instrument types, functions, uses. It is an instrument that combines the angle measurements that could be obtained with a traditional theodolite with electronic distance measurements. Edm baseline certificates and links spatial services. The velocity of light in air varies according to the air density.
Surveying is the means of determining the relative position of points and the relative distances. Surveying, the first step of starting a new civil engineering project, is a very important branch of civil engineering. Modern edms use the precision of a quartz crystal oscillator and the measurement of phaseshift to determine the distance. Edm equipment in recent years has enabled the surveyor and engineer to. We can find uses of surveying in all civil engineering projects. The set2 edm electronic distance measurement unit utilizes an infrared light beam to calculate distance to a. May 2005 surveying equipment, measurements and errors 3. Surveying equipment is being used under most stressful conditions. Types of surveying on the basis of whether the curvature of the earth is taken into account or not, surveying can be divided into two main categories.
Therefore this paper presents theoretical analysis augmented with field survey data obtained by other authors. In engineering surveying, either or both of the above formats may be utilized in the planning, design and construction of works, both on the surface and underground. The tellurometer, the first edm using microwave radiation, was produced in south africa in 1954. Total station edm corrections for systematic errors 6 the edm electronic distance measurement part of a total station measures distances using light waves. Chapter 12 electronic surveying equipment chapter 12 of the ea3 traman introduced you to electronic surveying equipment, specifically electronic distancemeasuring equipment. Here the distance is measured with the help of electromagnetic waves such as micro wave, infra red wave and other similar waves. The total station used for trigonometric leveling should be at least a onesecond angle and 1mm distance leastcount instrument with dualaxis compensation.
Edm is a surveying instrument for measuring distance electronically between two points through electromagnetic waves. Direct reflex edm technology for the surveyor and civil engineer. Electromagnetic edm instruments electromagnetic edms, first 1950s, use highfrequency radio developed in the waves. The surveying and spatial information regulation 2017 requires surveyors to verify their electronic distance measuring edm equipment in relation to the state primary standard of measurement, in the form of pillared testlines or baselines, at least once each year and immediately after service and repair for more information see the surveyor generals directions no. Setting the tripod up,ensuring its in the right place, levelling it and connecting up the geodimeter. For in depth discussions of edm principles, you should read publications, such as surveying theory and practice, by davis, foote, anderson, and mikhail. Survey equipment calibration edm a licensed surveyor is required to use surveying equipment that has been compared to a standard of measurement. Aim the edm is aimed at the prism by using either the built in sighting devices on the edm telescope yokemount edms will have the optical line of sight a bit lower than the electronic signal when the cross hair is sight on target the electronic signal will be maximized at the center of the prism set the electronic. Surveying is the process of analyzing and recording the characteristics of a land area span to help design a plan or map for construction. Electronic distance measurement instrument types, functions. Land surveying chapter 4 edm and theodolite free download as powerpoint presentation.
The equipment is exposed to extreme weather conditions, used in dusty construction areas and is subject to bumpy transportation. These points are usually on the surface of the earth, and they are often used to establish maps and boundaries for ownership, locations, such as. The first generation of electromagnetic equipment was very precise for measuring long. To simplify the procedures to obtain accuracy in surveying, the electronic distance measuring method was introduced. The edm generates an infrared continuouswave carrier beam, which is modulated by an electronic. Chapter 3 surveying equipment, measurements and errors. A land surveying professional is called a land surveyor. Engineering surveying 1 ce212 modern methods in surveying lectures. This technique involves setting up a total station tca1800l midway between two.
To start learning surveying one must start with the definition of surveying and its importance. Electronic distance measurement edm is a method of determining the length between two points, using phase changes, that occur as electromagnetic energy waves travels from one end of the. One of your first tasks is to work with a senior engineering surveyor to establish a framework of control survey points for a new. Edm equipment setting up and placement of the machine.
Total station is the currently preferred surveying equipment in the industry. Edms were substantially more expensive than chains and tapes, but also substantially more precise, and they quickly displaced these traditional distance measuring instruments. Direct reflex edm technology for the surveyor and civil engineer r. The first volume focuses on both the theoretical concepts and their practical applications. Plane surveying electronic distance measurement and curves civil engineering students year 1 second semester phase ii dr. Edm setting up and placement of the machine youtube. Pohnpei, federated states of micronesia, august 2012. Proper care in the use, storage, transportation and adjustment of the equipment is a major factor in the successful completion of a survey. Punmia, ashok kumar jain, arun kumar jain surveying vol.
Chapter 8 electronic distance measurement edm advanced. The instrument sends out a beam of light or high frequency microwaves from one end of line to be measured, and directs it towards the far end of the line. April 2004 figure 1 the three main types of levels. Instead, the principle of edm is based on the following relationship. Electronic distance measuring instrument is a surveying instrument for measuring distance electronically between two points through electromagnetic waves. The distance measured by edm is more precise than measured with chain or tape. Electromagnetic distance measurement edm definition the electronic distance measurement instrument edm is a relatively new development in the field of surveying. It is very important in the field of civil engineering.
Jan 16, 2020 surveying equipment is being used under most stressful conditions. It is the art of measuring horizontal and vertical distances between objects, of measuring angles between lines, of determining the direction of lines, and of establishing points by predetermined angular and linear measurements. Their types and uses are discussed in this article. Here the electronic distance measuring equipment and a reflector are necessary to carry out the survey. Surveyor generalvictoria sgv is committed to continuing to serve our customers during the evolving coronavirus covid19 situation. Older techniques of distance measurement plane surveying. The set2 is a tacheometer, a device which can rapidly measure distance by optical means. Electronic distance measuring instrument is a surveying instrument for. Dr is achieved using either of two edm technology methods. Notes on electronic distance measurement mygeodesy.
The main instrument for surveyors on site today is the total station which is an example of electronic distance measurement. Types of surveying on the basis of whether the curvature of the earth is taken into account or not,surveying can be divided into two main categories. A total station ts or total station theodolite tst is an electronicoptical instrument used for surveying and building construction. Chapter 3 surveying equipment, measurements and errors 3. Pdf engineering surveying 1 ce212 modern methods in. If the operator enters air temperature and pressure, the systematic error. Apr 17, 2018 edm stands for electronic distance measurement. Good practice guide for the calibration of edms on baselines. They can measure distance, angles, elevations with a high level of precision.
Inspecting the edm of the total station 23 instrument errors in the total station 24 simple surveying tasks 26 aligning from the midpoint 26 measuring slopes 27 measuring rightangles 28 applications programs 29 calculating areas 29 staking out 30 remote heights 31 tie distances 32 freestation surveys 33 the applications programs available 34. Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art and science of determining the terrestrial or threedimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them. Proper care in the methods by which equipment is used, stored, transported, and adjusted is a major factor in the successful completion of the survey. Ken snelgrove lect 8 sept 2607 slide 1 of 8 electronic distance measurement electronic distance measurement edm error. Because only a surveyor who has full understanding of surveying techniques will be able to determine the most efficient methods required to obtain optimal results over a. Modern surveying instruments and their uses in civil.
To understand the techniques of surveying a student must carefully study the basics of it. Mar 01, 2012 edm equipment setting up and placement of the machine. The leapfrog edm height traversing technique was employed for the pohnpei tide gauge levelling survey. Edm instruments are highly reliable and convenient pieces of surveying equipment and can be used to measure distances of up to 100 kilometers.
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