The 1973 israeli raid on lebanon known as operation spring of youth, hebrew. On 3 october, during ramadan, the muslim month of fasting, reserve officers in the syrian army were called up, and two days later, reserve units were mobilized. In the israeli collective memory, the yom kippur war is associated mainly with the idfs. Despite an occasional tendency to be selfserving, the book is. The intelligence failure of the yom kippur war of 1973. Jordan, iraq and other arab nations support the epyptiansyrian war effort but do not take part in the conflict. The soviets success in this war of attrition paved the way for their planning and support of egypts crosscanal offensive in the 1973 yom kippur war. The headon clash between usarmed israeli forces and some 20,000 soviet servicemen with stateoftheart weaponry turned the middle east into the hottest front of the cold war. Israeli order of battle along the suez canal in the yom.
Egyptian army order of battle, yom kippur war, october 1973. The israeli air force iaf contributed to a tactical victory over its arab neighbors during the 1973 yom kippur war. The fundamental cause of the yom kippur war was the diplomatic impasse thai followed the sixday war. Shortly after midnight on october 5, 1973, the telephone rang in the london home of dubi asherov, an israeli case officer handling an egyptian spy referred to as the source. The iaf was rendered ineffectual in the 1973 october war by egyptian and syrian surfacetoair missiles sams.
The yom kippur war, ramadan war, or october war hebrew. In the israeli collective memory, the yom kippur war is associated mainly with the idfs lack of preparedness. Backed by arms from the soviet union, egypt and syria made significant territorial gains in sinai and the golan heights. Chief of staff saad mohamed al hussani al shazly 2nd field army, general saad mamoungenl. The october 1973 arab israeli war, known as the yom kippur war in israel and the ramadan war in arab countries, was a watershed event in arab israeli relations. The arab israeli war of 1973 ended the stalemate in peace negotiations that had existed prior to the war. It also stands as perhaps the most examined example of strategic surprise in history, with the number and breadth of studies of the war exceeding even other such. This is the order of battle for operation badr, an egyptian military operation that initiated the yom kippur war against israel along the suez canal in the sinai on october 6, 1973. But ultimately the arabs buckled under a sustained israeli counterattack strengthened by us airlifts. Pdf on jun 1, 2017, efraim karsh and others published the six day war. Origins and consequences cambridge university press pp. Dayan pushed pm meir to consider using nuclear weapons in 1973 war former government aide says the defense minister, badly shaken on day two of the yom kippur war, suggested the ultimate. Yom kippur war october war the arabisraeli conflict.
The 1973 arabisraeli war is also known as the october war. Mar, 2011 ever since the october 6th, 1973, yom kippur war in the sinai, trying to ascertain the actual israeli units and their location on oct. Dayan pushed pm meir to consider using nuclear weapons in. Within days, arab league declares war and invades israel. Yost, how the arabisraeli war began, foreign affairs, jan. Israeli battle groups 1973 manuever element is02 armored infantry company 1973 command x1 commander x1 m3 selfpropelled 81mm mortar hq x6 zelda apc b x11 infantry a a up to four with law b in some battalions replace all with. Arabisraeli war of 1973 jsource the workers circle. The 1973 arab israeli war, referred to variously as the yom kippur war, the war of atonement, the war of ramadan, and the october war, was the fourth major conflict in this series. Mandate runs out, but the country is war weary and out of money. However, aman chief eli zeira was still confident that the probability of war was low. Ofer aderet, military intelligence chief misled israeli leaders ahead of 1973 war, declassified doc reveals, haaretz, may 9, 2020. There are a total of 12 yom kippur war aircraft 1973 entries in the military factory.
Raw footage from yom kippur war shows israeli f4 phantom shoot down egyptian mig17 october 10, 2014 david cenciotti military aviation 4 an amazing footage from 41 years ago shows a dogfight. Yet, just six year later, israeli confidence in air power was shattered. Consolidation of the iranian revolution 1979 qatif. Yet despite their potential to resolve the arabisraeli conflict, they. Iraq sent its troops to participate in the 1948 arabisraeli war, and later backed egypt and syria in the 1967 sixday war and in the 1973 yom kippur war. Because the war was fought during the muslim holy month of ramadan, the arabs and muslims refer to it as the. In the united states, the october 1973 war is typically referred to as the yom kippur war. Following the military confrontation against syria and egypt, israel was more amenable to a peace settlement. The egyptianisraeli peace treaty, march 26, 1979 egypt. On june 3, 1973, 3 israeli air force pilots in syrian captivity for three years were exchanged for 46 syrian prisoners. Part of the arab israeli conflict and the cold war.
Known by the hebrew term mechdal dereliction of duty, this condition was primarily due to the failure of military intelligence aman to provide a highquality warning that an attack was imminent. Kissingers memo to nixon on the morning of the 1973 war. In june 1981, israel attacked and destroyed newly built iraqi nuclear facilities in operation opera. The previous arab israeli war, the sixday war 1967, was followed by years of sporadic fighting, which developed into a fullscale war in 1973. Cost of conflict in the middle east, strategic foresight group pdf. Better known as the yom kippur war, this 225 page book leaves no stone unturned. The general killed slowly by the yom kippur war the times. Shippensburg university shippensburg, pennsylvania on the morning of 6 october 1973, the inexperienced young reservists of the israel defense force idf stationed on the barlev line in the sinai peninsula received the order to mobilize in light of a possible egyptian assault. The total population of areas under israeli control at the end of 1967 was 115. M3 halftrack apc a in some battalions replace all with.
Magdan medium tank mostly sinai front isherman medium tank or tiran 5 medium tank sinai front b may attach from armored infantry battalion after first week of the war hq battlegroup is01 armored battalion 1973 headquarters element battalion headquarters command. Foreign relations of the united states, 19691976, volume xxv. During the october 1973 yom kippur war, egypt and syria took 293 israeli prisoners, while israel captured 8,372 egyptians, 392 syrians, iraqis, and 6 moroccans. Intelligence and the 1973 arabisraeli war matthew t. Raw footage from yom kippur war shows israeli f4 phantom. Air force manual afm 11, basic aerospace doctrine of the united states. It forced the nixon administration to realize that arab frustration over israels unwillingness to withdraw from the territories it had occupied in 1967 could have major strategic consequences for the united states. On october 6, 1973, egypt and syria launched a surprise attack against israel on the jewish holiday of yom kippur. On october 6th 1973, during the holiest of jewish holidays, egypt and syria launched a two front surprise attack on the nation of israel. On the afternoon of october 6, 1973, on yom kippur, the holiest day in the jewish calendar. Idf special forces units attacks several palestine liberation organization plo targets in beirut and sidon, lebanon, during the operation, three of the highestlevel plo. M3 halftrack apc b may attach from armor after first week of war x1 shot main battle tank b. The most prominent israeli military counterterrorism operations military campaigns and military operations carried out against palestinian militants during 1973 include. Khalidi, rashid 2012, the 1967 war and the demise of the arab nationalism.
War minister and commander in chief, ahmad ismail ali. When the fourth arab israeli war began on october 6, 1973, many of israels soldiers were away from their posts observing yom kippur or day of atonement, and the. The israeli losses were heavy and the course of the war seemed to lay squarely within arab hands. Oct 03, 2014 the general killed slowly by the yom kippur war a smattering of family members and fellow veterans gather at the kiryat shaul military cemetery in tel aviv to remember shmuel gonen blamed by a. Israeli battle groups 1973 a may replace all shot medium tanks with. The yom kippur war, ramadan war, or october war also known as the 1973 arabisraeli war, was a war fought from 6 to 25 october, 1973, by a coalition of. Penney cia center for the study of intelligence history staff to intelligence historians, the october 1973 war is almost synonymous with intelligence failure. Many arab states contributed troops and financial support, and the ussr also provided assistance. In april and may 1973, israeli intelligence began picking up clear signals of egypts intentions for war, recognizing that it had the necessary divisions and bridging equipment to cross the suez canal and a missile umbrella to protect any crossing operation from air attack. Egyptian forces crossing the suez canal on october 7. According to idf doctrine in 1973, such a warning was to be given at least 48 hours.
The war was a decisive israeli victory, and ultimately led to a formal peace treaty with egypt, and the formal peaceful return of the sinai in 1982. General adans account of the 1973 arabisraeli war as he saw it. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. All these prisoners were exchanged during november 1522, 1973. Sep 18, 2007 author simon dunston has written a superb historical account of the the arab israeli war of 1973. Ultimately, it was the israeli offensive spirit and determination which gave them victory war since 1945 seminar operational valiant. Overview and analysis of the conflict introduction this study examines the military operations of the major combatantsegypt, syria, and israelduring the october 1973 middle east war. Turning of the tide in the sinai 1973 arab israeli war major. Israel, nuclear weapons and the 1973 yom kippur war. The attack fails, and over 150 israeli tanks are destroyed. May 20, 20 in 1967 the israeli air force iaf was heralded as the saviour of the nation, playing the leading role in the six day war.
This program seeks to identify and declassify collections. But in less than 24 hours, israel had mobilised two armoured divisions, which soon turned the. October 1973 war between israel and the arab states egypt and syria. Foreign relations of the united states, 19691976, volume xxv, arabisraeli crisis and war, 1973. Difficult because, even today, tracking the units is elusive because many battalions or brigades were detached and reattached to other units, based on need. With the element of surprise to their advantage, egyptian forces successfully crossed the suez canal with greater ease than expected, suffering only a.
This played into israeli bands and when colda meir became israel s first female prime minister in 1969 she obdu. By far the most detailed account of the 1973 war in the sinai. Oct 21, 20 it is the first and only testimony made by a credible, identifiable source regarding a discussion of the nuclear issue at the level of the israeli war cabinet. If we combine the kind of war with its outcome, we get several permutations. Operational art and planning for the 1973 arabisraeli war. The yom kippur war of october 1973 had a fundamental influ ence on the united. On the afternoon of october 6, israel was attacked simultaneously on two fronts by egypt and syria. Our specialists combine incountry experience, language skills. The next day, israeli and syrian fighters engaged in aerial combat, in the course of which thirteen syrian planes were downed. As neither belligerent has released an official order of battle, this list remains incomplete for example, concerning brigades within divisions of the third army. The most prominent israeli military counterterrorism operations military campaigns and military operations carried out against palestinian militants during 1972 include.
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